Understanding Copper Grain Structure in Audio Cables

The term grain refers to the microscopic fractures or boundaries within the surface of copper. This matters because audio signals primarily travel along the surface of the conductor, and each grain boundary can introduce resistance and signal distortion.

Standard OFHC (Oxygen-Free High Conductivity) Copper – Commonly used in many audiophile-grade cables, this copper contains approximately 1,500 grains per foot.

Linear-Crystal or LC-OFC Copper – A higher grade of copper that has been carefully drawn to reduce grain boundaries, resulting in about 70 grains per foot. This refinement enhances conductivity and signal clarity.

Typical OHNO Copper (Offshore) – Produced using heated mold continuous casting, this process yields ultra-long, single-crystal copper grains—often up to 200 feet in length. It’s a step above in terms of signal purity and performance.

DH Labs Continuous Crystal™ Long-Grain Copper (Made in USA) – Our proprietary copper technology (available only in the USA) pushes performance even further, producing single copper crystals that extend well over 700 feet. With no grain boundaries, extremely low electrical resistance, and a high level of purity, this material represents the pinnacle of copper performance for high-end audio applications.